前序文章:
这是折腾树莓派的最后一篇文章,也是买树莓派的最大目的:搭建自己的私有云,随时同步和访问各种设备上的数据。
nextcloud简介
nextcloud前身是大名鼎鼎的owncloud,两者均是开源的网络硬盘系统。nextcloud不仅可以搭建私有云存储和同步数据,也提供联系人、日程管理功能,web端还提供私密的语音视频通话功能。nextcloud致力于数据安全,云端的数据均可选择加密,并遵循安全行业最佳实践。客户端支持windows、macos、linux三大pc平台,以及安卓ios两大移动平台,完全足够家庭或中小型团队协作使用。
部署和设置nextcloud
nextcloud程序由php语言编写,因此部署需要具备php运行环境以及web中间件。因其支持平台众多,官方文档略显繁琐,故本文给出树莓派上用nginx、mariadb、redis搭建nextcloud的详细步骤。
- 从官网下载部署程序;
- 更新系统和必备软件:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt install -y libreoffice ffmpeg
; - 安装nginx:
sudo apt install -y nginx
; - 安装redis:
sudo apt install -y redis
; - 安装mariadb:
sudo apt install mariadb-server
; - 安装php及推荐模块:
sudo apt install -y php7.3 php7.3-fpm php7.3-curl php7.3-gd php7.3-dom php7.3-iconv php7.3-openssl php-redis php-mysql php7.3-zip php7.3-bz2 php7.3-intl php7.3-imagick
; - 解压部署程序:
unzip nextcloud-xxxx.zip
; - 将nextcloud文件移动到网站根目录:
sudo mv nextcloud-xxx /var/www/html/nextcloud
; - 创建数据目录,更改目录权限:
mkdir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data && sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/nextcloud
; - 配置php:打开/etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini文件,做如下更改:
- expose_php改成off
- date.timezone 一行删掉前面的;号,值改成Asia/Shanghai
- 删掉opcache.enable=1,opcache.validate_timestamps=1,opcache.revalidate_freq=2这三行前面的;号,将opcache.revalidate_freq的值改成30;
- 配置fpm:打开/etc/php/7.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf文件,移除clear_env=no,env[开头那几行前面的;号(即388,401-405这几行前面的分号);
- 设置mariadb管理员密码:
mysqladmin -uroot password '你的密码'
; - 创建nextcloud数据库:
mysql -uroot -p'你的密码' -e 'create user nextcloud@"%" identified by "nextcloud数据库密码"; create database nextcloud default charset=utf8mb4; grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to nextcloud@"%"; flush privileges;'
; - 配置nginx:在/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下,创建一个nextcloud文件,其内容如下(注意,本配置中禁用了https):
upstream php-handler { server unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock; } server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name cloud.example.com; # enforce https #return 301 https://$server_name:443$request_uri; #} #server { # listen 443 ssl http2; # listen [::]:443 ssl http2; # server_name cloud.example.com; # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/ # NOTE: some settings below might be redundant # ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt; # ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key; # Path to the root of your installation root /var/www/html/nextcloud; location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app. # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app. #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last; #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json last; # The following rule is only needed for the Social app. # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app. #rewrite ^/.well-known/webfinger /public.php?service=webfinger last; location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav; } location = /.well-known/caldav { return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav; } # set max upload size client_max_body_size 512M; fastcgi_buffers 64 4K; # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers gzip on; gzip_vary on; gzip_comp_level 4; gzip_min_length 256; gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth; gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy; # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module # This module is currently not supported. #pagespeed off; location / { rewrite ^ /index.php; } location ~ ^\/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)\/ { deny all; } location ~ ^\/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) { deny all; } location ~ ^\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+)\.php(?:$|\/) { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$; set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info; try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info; #fastcgi_param HTTPS on; # Avoid sending the security headers twice fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; # Enable pretty urls fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; fastcgi_pass php-handler; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_request_buffering off; } location ~ ^\/(?:updater|oc[ms]-provider)(?:$|\/) { try_files $uri/ =404; index index.php; } # Adding the cache control header for js, css and map files # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif|map)$ { try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri; add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463"; # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to # have those duplicated to the ones above) # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into # this topic first. #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;" always; # # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list # could take several months. add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always; add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always; add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always; add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always; add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always; add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always; add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always; # Optional: Don't log access to assets access_log off; } location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg|bcmap)$ { try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri; # Optional: Don't log access to other assets access_log off; } }
- 启动各项服务:
sudo systemctl restart nginx php7.3-fpm redis-server mariadb
。如果系统安装了防火墙,记得放行80端口; - 打开浏览器,在地址栏输入树莓派的ip,例如:http://192.168.1.2,将出现nextcloud的设置页面,选择用户名和密码,以及输入数据库用户名和密码,完成设置。
- 设置完成后,进入了类似百度云盘的操作界面,说明云盘已经初步搭建好了。
- 配置nextcloud,使其性能更好:打开/var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php文件,在最后的);前添加缓存配置:
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => [
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => 6379,
'dbindex' => 0,
'password' => '',
'timeout' => 1.5,
],
至此,nextcloud的部署和设置全部完毕,在浏览器界面已经能够查看和管理各种数据和功能了。
其它
- 树莓派默认的sd卡存储空间很小,实践应该将nextcloud的程序文件托管在外置硬盘上;
- 设置外网访问需要用到域名、dns、https配置以及内网穿透,本文不再给出;
- 各平台客户端的设置和使用请参考官方教程,本文不再给出
老哥你好,我树莓派装php7.3-fpm时报错,访问目录提示503,权限已经给了,这是为啥?
关闭selinux试试:setenforce 0
nextcloud用起来怎么样?
目前用起来还挺好,放在家里要配合内网穿透